diff --git a/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c
index 4cf3e94632..a9bac4ca79 100644
--- a/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qemu.h"
 #include "cpu_loop-common.h"
+#include "elf.h"
 
 void cpu_loop(CPURISCVState *env)
 {
@@ -53,7 +55,8 @@ void cpu_loop(CPURISCVState *env)
                 ret = 0;
             } else {
                 ret = do_syscall(env,
-                                 env->gpr[xA7],
+                                 env->gpr[(env->elf_flags & EF_RISCV_RVE)
+                                    ? xT0 : xA7],
                                  env->gpr[xA0],
                                  env->gpr[xA1],
                                  env->gpr[xA2],
@@ -113,6 +116,16 @@ void cpu_loop(CPURISCVState *env)
 
 void target_cpu_copy_regs(CPUArchState *env, struct target_pt_regs *regs)
 {
+    CPUState *cpu = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
+    TaskState *ts = cpu->opaque;
+    struct image_info *info = ts->info;
+
     env->pc = regs->sepc;
     env->gpr[xSP] = regs->sp;
+    env->elf_flags = info->elf_flags;
+
+    if ((env->misa & RVE) && !(env->elf_flags & EF_RISCV_RVE)) {
+        error_report("Incompatible ELF: RVE cpu requires RVE ABI binary");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/target/riscv/cpu.h b/target/riscv/cpu.h
index df43a0898d..20bce8742e 100644
--- a/target/riscv/cpu.h
+++ b/target/riscv/cpu.h
@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ struct CPURISCVState {
 
     uint32_t features;
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    uint32_t elf_flags;
+#endif
+
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     target_ulong priv;
     target_ulong resetvec;
diff --git a/target/riscv/cpu_user.h b/target/riscv/cpu_user.h
index c2199610ab..52d380aa98 100644
--- a/target/riscv/cpu_user.h
+++ b/target/riscv/cpu_user.h
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@
 #define xA4 14
 #define xA5 15
 #define xA6 16
-#define xA7 17  /* syscall number goes here */
+#define xA7 17  /* syscall number for RVI ABI */
+#define xT0 5   /* syscall number for RVE ABI */